语言上的错误在托福考试中是很难避免的，即使写作满分学员也会犯这类错误，关键在于错误的严重程度和犯错的频率多少。这篇文章主要跟大家讲一下托福学生在备考写作过程中经常犯的十类语法问题。

一、run-on sentence

指由于对句子结构把握不准，两个或者多个完整的独立句之间，没有任何连接词或冒号、分号来对两个句子进行连接。例如，Nowadays, we can find kids keep studying all the time, they work harder than before.

如何避免、改正Run-on sentence?

1、正确使用标点符号—使用句号分隔两个独立的单句，或用分号连接两个意思紧密相连的独立句；

2、明确两个独立句之间的关系，使用正确的连词、关系词等，构造复句、复合句；

例1：

The results of the study are inconclusive, consequently, we need to perform more experiments.

更正1：

The results of the study are inconclusive; consequently, we need to perform more experiments.

更正2：

The results of the study are inconclusive, and consequently, we need to perform more experiments.

二、主谓不一致

指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上不一致而形成的错误。由于中文不存在主谓一致的问题，很多学生在写英文句子时意识不到这一点，因此，这类错误出现的比较多。在英语中，主谓一致的问题在一般现在时中出现较多，特别是在第三人称单数的谓语动词上容易出现，同时，当主语和谓语之间插入成分较多或主语离谓语较远时，这类错误更容易出现。

例1: Exploring the unknown places are a great pleasure to many people.

更正1: Exploring the unknown places is a great pleasure to many people.

例2: The disadvantages which are brought about by environmental pollution is very detrimental.

更正2: The disadvantages which are brought about by environmental pollution are very detrimental.

三、动词原形作主语

从语法角度上，主语一般有名词，动名词（即动词的非谓语形式）,以及他们构成的相关词组、代词、从句等构成，动词原形是绝对不可以做主语的。有个特殊情况，祈使句会用动词原形开头，但句子只是省略了主语，而不是没有主语，而且托福写作也极少用到祈使句这种比较口语化的表达。

例1: Definitely, draw has become a relaxing activity for her to not only have fun in school, but also do it in her spare time to balance the stress occurred in other stuff in her life.

更正1: Definitely, drawing has become a relaxing activity for her to not only have fun in school, but also do it in her spare time to balance the stress occurred in other stuff in her life.

四、介词后面跟动词原形

英语中，介词后面经常跟名词或名词词组、代词、动名词或句子。有时名词会有修饰词，但是整体上仍然是名词或者名词词组，不可以跟动词原形。

例1: Although homework from math classes is not a huge amount of work, my cousin still feels the burden of complete them at home.

更正1: Although homework from math classes is not a huge amount of work, my cousin still feels the burden of completing them at home.

五、从句独立成句

从句就是相对主句来说的，属于从属于主句的第二层句子，单独成句就不是复合句了，而是一句简单句，简单句单独使用一个连词来引导并且用句号跟主句隔开，这是错误的。

例1: It’s beneficial for us to read news with breaks in between. Because this helps people to absorb the information with more time prepared and it can release the anxiety among audiences caused from various news.

更正1: It’s beneficial for us to read news with breaks in between, because this helps people to absorb the information with more time prepared and it can release the anxiety among audiences caused from various news.

更正2: It’s beneficial for us to read news with breaks in between. This is because this helps people to absorb the information with more time prepared and it can release the anxiety among audiences caused from various news.

六、一个简单句中出现两个谓语动词

指如果按照中式思维和感觉来写托福作文的话，很多学生会犯一个错误就是一个简单句里出现了两个或者两个以上的谓语动词，这明显是不符合英语语法的。这么多年的教学里，最常见学生犯的就是there be句型里出现两个谓语动词。

例1: There may be viruses contain on the surface of the object cause unnecessary concerns for our health.

改正1: There may be viruses contained on the surface of the object causing unnecessary concerns for our health.

改正2: There may be viruses contained on the surface of the object that will cause unnecessary concerns for our health.

七、情态动词后面没有跟动词原形

指情态动词后面跟了动词的其他形式，而不是动词原形，这个错误看似很幼稚，但是却是很多同学常犯的错误，尤其情态动词跟后面的动词离得比较远的时候。

例1: The reduced car exhausts could diminish the level of carbon footprint and reduced the air pollution in the city.

更正： The reduced car exhausts could diminish the level of carbon footprint and reduce the air pollution in the city.

八、固定搭配错误

指有介词短语的搭配和固定词组的搭配错误，更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。这是由学生的一个不好的背单词习惯导致的，即背单词的时候更多是记单词的中文意思，而不去记单词的英文释义、搭配和正确用法。

例1: In my own perspective, it is better to spend money to travel than save it for the future due to the reason that not only can traveling on a vacation give us nice memories, but also help us learn more things.

更正1: In my own perspective, it is better to spend money on traveling than saving it for the future due to the reason that not only can traveling on a vacation give us nice memories, but also help us learn more things.

例2:

祝贺某人做某事不是 congratulate somebody to do something，而是 congratulate somebody on doing something

阻止某人做某事不是prevent somebody to do something，而是prevent somebody from doing something

感谢某人做某事不是thank somebody to do something，而是thank somebody for doing something

原谅某人做某事不是excuse/forgive somebody to do something，而是excuse/forgive somebody for doing something

…

九、代词指代错误

指代词与其所指代的名词单复数不一致以及代词指代不清的问题。

例1: Due to the fact that the complicated world is aline to the youngsters, it is important that they have teachers and parents guiding us in the beginning of our life-long journey, thus receiving professional help.

改正1: Due to the fact that the complicated world is aline to the youngsters, it is important that they have teachers and parents guiding them in the beginning of their life-long journey, thus receiving professional help.

例2: In the lecture, however, the professor states that it caused cooling merely in the Europe and the North America, but it also affected the southern hemisphere. It cannot be explained by the influence of Gulf Stream reasonably, so it cannot explain the emergence of the Little Ice Age.

更正2：In the lecture, however, the professor states that the disruption of ocean currents caused cooling merely in the Europe and the North America, but Little Ice Age also affected the southern hemisphere, such as New Zealand and south Africa. These places’ cooling cannot be explained by the influence of Gulf Stream reasonably, so the disruption of ocean currents cannot explain the emergence of the Little Ice Age.

十、词性误用

指由于学生的一个不好的背单词习惯，即背单词的时候更多是记单词的中文意思，而不去记单词的英文释义、词性和用法，写作的时候会出现名词、动词、形容词、副词之间词性误用的情况，会被算作语法问题而扣分。

例1: As multi media has the advantageous of high speed and providing a lot of details as well as information, we can have more options at hand after browsing the medias.

更正1: As multi media has the advantage of high speed and providing a lot of details as well as information, we can have more options at hand after browsing the medias.

以上就是学生在备考托福写作中常犯的语法问题，例句也是从学生们所写的作文里挑选出来的，希望大家在后续的写作中，能够很好的规避这些问题，取得理想的分数。